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THE DIGITAL SHIFT: HOW ONLINE LEARNING IS RESHAPING EDUCATION IN KENYA AND GLOBALLY

By Jane Kinanu Kiugu


While technology has been advancing at a rapid pace, e-learning has not only adapted as an alternative to in-person learning, but has fundamentally revolutionized the education system. The COVID-19 pandemic brought forth the necessity of online platforms for learning which not only highlighted the weaknesses of traditional educational systems, but also showcased the endless opportunities that online education has to offer. Differently from the common model which is often constrained to a certain place, time, or teaching style, e-learning has no boundaries as it offers customized courses and instructions that can be accessed from anywhere in the world. Studies conducted over the past five years have consistently demonstrated that well-structured e-learning environments can, at the very least, foster equal engagement, knowledge retention, and academic performance when compared to teaching in person, and in some cases, outdo it entirely (Bond et al., 2021; Rasheed et al., 2020). E-learning is fundamentally becoming an educational requirement in today’s world, where narrowing digital divides alongside rapid advancements in educational technologies, showcase that e-learning is not only the future of education but is in fact an essential necessity.

E-learning improves academic performance and enhance learning outcomes by providing tailored and interactive learning experiences (Gupta et al., 2024). Conversely, Barrot et al (2021) highlights that digital learning, or any form of online learning do not guarantee improved academic performance. In this case, their reasoning revolves around a plethora of students lacking motivation, focus, and comprehension crucial for online learning. Admittedly, the lack of motivation or digital skills can decrease the academic performance of some learners. 

Moreover, there are instances of performance delays amongst some of the learners. One critical thing to note is that when students move to e-learning, their interaction is not constrained by tribal, national, physical disability borders. They can interact on a wide scale even with those who do not have access to e-learning facilities. Muridzi and Dhlywayo (2023) notes that e-learning system provides flexibility as well as ease of access enabling students to retrieve learning resources at any time and from any location which is particularly beneficial for developing countries. 

UNESCO (2021) mentions that some students do not have equal access to technology such as computers or reliable internet which deepens the educational gap while hindering access to education. Even with these disparities inhibiting access, there is no need to sit idle and wait for the perfect conditions to arise. Just because something is unequally accessible does not mean we should not do something to aid the development. There is need to begin the search and in due time we will be able to reach the majority of learners. Once established, the level of flexibility and accessibility within e-learning systems is remarkable.

Alyoussef (2023) underscores that e-learning has a positive perception as students, in general, tend to be satisfied with e-learning systems that are user-friendly and allow self-paced progression.  In a more recent article by Day et al (2021), it was found that many report dissatisfactions with e-learning due to a feeling of isolation, lack of interaction, and low engagement. Online instruction was often criticized for its poor quality relative to the in-person experience. Students are human beings and there is a need for social engagement not only in education but in every facet of their existence. E-learning offers an abundance of interactive engagement, provided students have the necessary tools and structures. The tools and structures provide concentration for students to focus on their electronic learning activities without a lot of physical distractions. 

Schwerter and Richter (2024) stresses the fact that e-learning encourages self-directed and regulated forms of study as it enables learners to structure their time, set targets, and pursue them to the end. Arguably, Pokhrel and Chhetri (2021) highlight that self-directed learning through e-learning platforms requires a high level of discipline, which numerous students, particularly younger ones, struggle to develop. Such forms of e-learning require heightened control over personal devices.

E-learning is designed to help students acquire particular range of skills which they can use later in life. Trusting students allows them the chance to grow as well as try out other available options of learning. In his statement, Chenari et al. (2024) argues that E-learning contributes to preserving the educational processes and systems even in the face of disruption by a crisis like pandemics, for example, COVID-19. While it is true that e-learning offered solutions to continued education during times of crisis, it also revealed severe gaps in readiness, systems, and the overall quality of education. As a result, educators and institutions faced an overwhelming onslaught of expectations, leading to disorganized results (Assunção Flores & Gago, 2020). Although the lack of preparedness exposed by e-learning during COVID-19 was startling, one must appreciate the fact that accessibility determines how emergent situations are dealt with.

Those who had access to technology such as smartphones managed to advance their learning. This has led to the foundation of what we now refer to globally as e-learning activities.  This shows that traditional classroom settings seem inadequate when compared to the versatility and integration offered, making e-learning more useful and effective. As such, e-learning is a formidable form of education that fulfills the necessity for modern education to adapt to the world today and global changes.

In summary, the flexibility, customization, and global accessibility of e-learning has fundamentally transformed the methods through which information is taught and absorbed. E-learning is here to stay as it has shown itself to be an effective response to educational needs during a crisis and, as emerging research suggests, growing learner satisfaction validates its efficacy. With the advancement of educational institutions, adopting e-learning is no longer a choice of strategic advantage, but rather a necessity for fairness and innovation within educational systems. 


 

References

Alyoussef, I. Y. (2023). Acceptance of e-learning in higher education: The role of task

technology fit with the information systems success model. Heliyon9(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13751

 Assunção Flores, M., & Gago, M. (2020). Teacher education in times of COVID-19 pandemic in

Portugal: national, institutional and pedagogical responses. Journal of Education for Teaching46(4), 507-516. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1799709

Barrot, J. S., Llenares, I. I., & Del Rosario, L. S. (2021). Students’ online learning challenges

during the pandemic and how they cope with them: The case of the Philippines. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 7321–7338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x 

Chenari, M. U., Sarvestani, M. S., Azarkhavarani, A. R., Izadi, S., & Cirella, G. T. (2024).

Enhancing e-learning in higher education: Lessons learned from the pandemic. Education and Information Technologies, 29(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/20427530241268433 

Day, T., Chang, I. C. C., Chung, C. K. L., Doolittle, W. E., Housel, J., & McDaniel, P. N. (2021).

The immediate impact of COVID-19 on postsecondary teaching and learning. The Professional Geographer73(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2020.1823864

Gupta, S., Pandey, S., Sahoo, S., & Pandey, C. S. (2024). The impact of e-learning on academic

performance, achievement, and creativity. International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 41(3), 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-07-2023-0117

Muridzi, G. & Dhliwayo, S. (2023). Online learning as a strategy for improving the performance

of university students in developing countries. International Journal of Academic Studies in Technology and Education, 3(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.55549/ijaste.24

Pokhrel, S., & Chhetri, R. (2021). A systematic literature review on teaching and learning in the

higher education context during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631120983481

Schwerter, M., & Richter, T. (2024). How e-learning affects test results and the impact of

individual achievement goals on learning patterns. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00488-9

UNESCO. (2021). Global education monitoring report 2021/2: Non-state actors in education.

https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379875


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